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What is Bioinformatics ?
Bioinformatics is a science which uses computational techniques to analyze the
biological problems ; the science of developing and utilizing computer databases
and algorithms to accelerate and enhance biological research.Bioinformatics is much more than what this definition says, its commonly referred
as dry lab work which accelerates the wet lab work drastically.
How bioinformatics emerged ?
Bioinformatics recently became the BUZZ word, after the human genome was
deciphered in Feb 2001.But it all started way back in 1960's when the first bioinformatics database was
created by Dayhoff.So here is a list of major events in bioinformatics over the last several decades.
1965 |
Margaret Dayhoff's Atlas of Protein Sequences |
1970 |
Needleman-Wunsch algorithm |
|
1971 |
Protein Data Bank was established with just 7 structures !! |
1977 |
DNA sequencing and software to analyze it (Staden) |
|
1980 |
EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database was established |
1981 |
Smith-Waterman algorithm developed |
1981 |
The concept of a sequence motif (Doolittle) |
1982 |
GenBank Release 3 made public |
1982 |
Phage lambda genome sequenced |
1983 |
Sequence database searching algorithm (Wilbur-Lipman) |
1985 |
FASTP/FASTN: fast sequence similarity searching |
1988 |
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) created at NIH/NLM |
1988 |
EMBnet network for database distribution |
1990 |
BLAST: fast sequence similarity searching |
1991 |
EST: expressed sequence tag sequencing |
1993 |
Sanger Centre, Hinxton, UK |
1994 |
EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK |
1995 |
First bacterial genomes completely sequenced |
1996 |
Yeast genome completely sequenced |
1997 |
PSI-BLAST |
1998 |
Worm (multicellular) genome completely sequenced |
1999 |
Fly genome completely sequenced |
2000 |
The genome for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.3 Mbp) is published. |
2000 |
The A. thaliana genome (100 Mb) is sequenced. |
2001 |
The human genome (3 Giga base pairs) is published. |
Last updated: 30 October 2006